“On August 20, 2025, the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) announced that it had detected and tracked a Russian Il-20M reconnaissance aircraft, designated by NATO as “Coot-A,” operating in the Alaska Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ).” “Although the presence of this aircraft triggered U.S. surveillance and interception measures, it remained entirely in international airspace without entering the sovereign airspace of the United States or Canada.” “The incident reflects a regu