Warsaw city hall estimates that 90,000 took part in the march, but the organisers claim attendance was 250,000.

The improvement in Poland’s score was largely linked to fewer attacks on journalists than in previous years.

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The OSCE concluded that the first round was “professional, well-organized and orderly” but criticised media bias and intolerant campaign rhetoric.

The official results also confirmed a strong showing for the far right, whose candidates took over 21% of the vote.