DNA is fundamental to the biology of all life on Earth, but how many of us actually know what it is or what it's made of?

The sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA. This backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality ...

Discover how RNA therapeutics are reshaping medicine, offering new treatments for previously undruggable targets.

This diagram depicts the chemical structure of pyrimidine, a six-membered aromatic ring with two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 (highlighted in blue). The remaining positions are occupied by ...

Antibodies are pretty amazing. Not only do they protect us and serve diagnostic functions in the clinic, they are also indispensable tools for biological research. They are used for protein ...

Nucleic acids are complex biological molecules that store and transmit genetic information in all living organisms. They are essential for the survival and reproduction of life on Earth. The two main ...