Plants produce a wide diversity of compounds. Broadly, these are separated into primary metabolites, which are necessary for ...

A new study led by Harvard biologists describes how some sea slugs consume algae and incorporate their photosynthetic ...

For example, nerve cells send signals, while muscle cells produce movement. Because of this specialization, eukaryotic cells are vital to growth, development, and repair in the human body. Studying ...

This part isn’t surprising. For prokaryotes, almost all genes code for proteins—they’re read off codon by codon to construct proteins, amino acid by amino acid.

The bacterium chlamydia trachomatis is a major cause of sexually transmitted diseases. Bacteria have lots of tricks up their ...

A popular model of evolution concludes that it was incredibly unlikely for humanity to evolve on Earth, and that extraterrestrial intelligence is vanishingly rare. But as experts on the entangled ...

However, recent studies have indicated that some prokaryotes have linear chromosomes. For example, Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium that causes Lyme disease, contains a linear chromosome of 910,725 ...

Then they splice together the coding segments from exons to produce messenger RNA that can be translated into a working protein. (A few prokaryotes also have introns, but they have ways of working ...

A prime example is a roughly 100-million-year-old partnership between insects called mealybugs and two bacterial endosymbionts, one nested inside the other in the mealybugs’ cells.

4. There is a limit to how large prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells can grow. Research the reasons for this. The cells of eukaryotes are larger than prokaryotes. Investigate why.