Accurate staging of mediastinal lymph nodes (LNs) is critical for guiding the management ... LNs were categorized by nodal level (N1, N2, N3) and anatomical region (AR), including subcarinal, ...

In patients without distant metastasis, the presence of mediastinal lymph nodes involvement generally precludes curative resection in most cases. [33] Thus, EUS-FNA provides accurate information ...