Chemical structure of guanine, showing its double-ring purine structure and the functional groups involved in hydrogen bonding with cytosine. (Image: Public Domain) Guanine has the chemical formula ...

Anyone who studied a little genetics in high school has heard of adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine -- the A, T, G and C that make up the DNA code. But those are not the whole story.

Other combinations of the atoms form the four bases: thymine (T), adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). These bases are the rungs of the DNA ladder. (It takes two bases to form a rung -- one ...

Here we have designed and synthesized ligands that specifically bind with high affinity (K d = 53 nM) to the guanine (G)–guanine ... obtained only for the DNA containing the G-G mismatch.

These “nucleobases” — adenine, guanine, cytosine ... “We’ve completed the set of all the bases found in DNA and RNA and life on Earth, and they’re present in meteorites,” says ...

These building blocks are known as bases - four distinct chemical units that make up the DNA molecule. They are: adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. The microchip will be used for growing ...

“This forces us to rethink the biology of DNA.” The DNA molecule is made up of four nucleobases – adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine – and can configure itself in a number of way ...

But it wasn’t until 1989 that Steven Benner, then at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, and his team coaxed modified forms of cytosine and guanine into DNA molecules.