To design the circuit, begin by drawing a diagram with 31 flip-flops arranged in rows containing nominally 10 flip-flops. In this instance, the design comprises four rows, with only one flip-flop in ...

Figure 1 shows the block diagram of a 4-bit flop and Figure 2 shows the internal structure of a 4-bit flop. The in-built 4 flops share a common clock and scan enable. Also, the 4 flip-flops form an ...