3 (Mediterranean unity was, of course, further shattered by the Arab thrust across North Africa.) 4 By the eleventh century, the map of Europe already had a modern appearance, with France and ...

Many may wonder whether the unusual weather is a consequence of climate change. The answer is, at least in principle, no ...

The Mediterranean’s position as Europe’s southern powerhouse is not ... “The industrial map always follows the energy map,” observes Simone Tagliapietra of Bruegel, a think-tank.

Water-rationing is in place across more than half of France, with the west particularly affected by drought. Measures range from bans on washing cars to limits on farmers watering crops. Cereal ...

not long after a deluge dumped five times the month’s ordinary rainfall across Europe in a single week. Scientists say climate change is increasing not just the strength of the Mediterranean’s ...