The pancreas is an organ behind the stomach and near the spleen. It performs both exocrine and endocrine functions. The exocrine cells release digestive enzymes to assist with breaking down food.

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) develops when the pancreas can’t make enough digestive enzymes to allow the absorption of crucial nutrients from food. This can lead to malnutrition and ...

Development of endocrine cells in the endoderm involves Atonal and Achaete/Scute-related basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins. These proteins also serve as neuronal determination and ...