The greatest improvements in milk production in dairy cows in past decades have been due to genetic selection. Nutrition, ...

Body condition scoring (BCS) is another useful tool. Cows should calve down at a BCS of 4.8 to 5.2, with no more than 0.25 to ...

This approach is based on the idea that dairy cows often exhibit unusual behaviors and movement patterns due to illness, diseases, the estrus cycle, stress, or anxiety. By tracking individual ...