B-cells and Antibodies – B-cells make antibodies, which help your body recognise and fight infections. Smoking reduces the ...

Another risk of smoking cigarettes is periodontal disease, otherwise known as gum disease. This is because smoking causes ...

My cat coughing up phlegm: understand the underlying causes and learn evidence-based treatment methods to ensure your cat's ...

SharePandemonia is a character and persona created as conceptual art by an anonymous London-based artist that has appeared in ...

Bacterial evolution is the process of heritable change in populations of bacteria over multiple generations. It occurs through mechanisms including natural selection and genetic drift, and can ...

The bacterial host response is the process by which the host interacts with, and responds to, bacteria that colonize or infect it. This includes defense mechanisms such as the immune response.

Viral or bacterial particles replicate during the incubation stage. The prodromal stage refers to the period after incubation and before the characteristic symptoms of infection occur. People can ...

May 29, 2025 — Scientists have documented the way a single gene in the bacterium that causes bubonic plague, Yersinia pestis, allowed it to survive hundreds of years by adjusting its virulence ...