Antibodies are large Y-shaped proteins. They are recruited by ... An epitope is usually made up of a 5-8 amino acid long chain on the surface of the protein. The chain of amino acids does not ...

Here’s how it works. Antibodies are specialized, Y-shaped proteins that bind like a lock-and-key to the body's foreign invaders — whether they are viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites.

after a few immunizations the immune system begins to produce antibodies against immune complexes already bound to the viral protein alone. They don't yet know whether this chain reaction ...