Unlike the octopus's arms, which that animal often uses to move and carry ... The cuttlefish has one of the largest brain-to-body size ratios of any invertebrate, perhaps even larger than that ...

Evidence for this function first came from studies of the organ's anatomy and its nerves as well ... this feature is unknown in any other extant animal. With the aid of the intracranial joint ...

“We don’t have a precise definition of a brain,” he said. Scientists home in on the brain’s evolutionary origins by sorting out the animals without brains. Sponges have no neurons, so they are easy to ...

they injected either cyanobacteria or green algae into Xenopus laevis tadpoles and deprived the animals of oxygen, causing brain activity to cease. Exposing the animals to light, which allowed the ...

A sensory map representing how the brain of a mouse embryo organizes facial ... sensory map of the mouse’s face because, for these animals, the face is as crucial as hands are for humans ...

Small animal phobia, which involves an intense ... demonstrating its ability to differentiate phobic individuals based on their brain anatomy. Several key brain regions emerged as pivotal in ...