Chloroplasts also have a third internal membrane called the thylakoid membrane, which is extensively folded and appears as stacks of flattened disks in electron micrographs. The thylakoids contain ...

CTR1's main job in the chloroplast is to phosphorylate the TOC33 at a specific location—at position 260 in the protein chain of an amino acid called serine. By altering this site in the plants ...

The vagina is a flexible tube that joins the uterus to the vulva. Vaginas are usually around 3 inches long but may vary widely in color, size, and shape. The vaginal opening is the part of the ...

In response to excessive light, plants activate a series of signaling pathways starting from the chloroplast and affecting the entire ... factors on plant growth stages and characteristics. This ...

A new study shows that sound isn’t just heard by the ears. Sound waves altered gene expression and influenced fat cell differentiation in culture.

Edited by Donald Ort, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL; received December 10, 2024; accepted January 28, 2025 ...