From the moment life gained a foothold on Earth the diversity of organisms has been written in a DNA code of four letters. The latest study moves life beyond G, T, C and A – the molecules or bases ...

A new study of DNA from people of African descent shows just how much the reference genome is missing: Scientists found across the 910 people in their study 300 million letters of DNA that are not ...

But as Sarah Kaplan reports for The Washington Post, researchers have added two new letters to DNA’s short alphabet, creating bacteria that can synthesize amino acids not normally produced by ...