Topsoil is the top portion of the soil consisting of minerals, organic matter and microorganisms. It can range from a few ...

The bulk of the soil solid fraction is constituted by soil minerals, which exert significant direct and indirect influences on the supply and availability of most nutrient elements. The main ...

plants transfer a portion of the carbon energy they produce to the soil, and microbes that benefit from this energy convert available organic substances in the soil to the mineral elements the ...

Salts are natural components of soil, surface, and groundwater. They are ionic mineral compounds, which means they bonded by electrostatic attractions between cations (+ charge) and anions (- charge).

The amount of C in soil represents a substantial portion of the carbon found in terrestrial ecosystems of the planet. Total C in terrestrial ecosystems is approximately 3170 gigatons (GT ...

However, the intricate interactions between bacteria, minerals, and organic matter in soil environments are complex and not fully understood. These interactions can either enhance or hinder the ...