Since newborn infants cannot express their pain with words, staff need to assess their pain by looking at their behaviours and vital signs instead. Many different rating scales can be used for this, ...

well-intentioned pain rating systems can fall flat. The most common scale has been around for 50 years. It asks people to ...

Pain has been described as a multidimensional experience that incorporates the following dimensions: physiologic, sensory, affective, cognitive, behavioral, and sociocultural. [24] Pain ...

A Cochrane review reveals significant gaps in the clinical rating scales used to assess pain in newborn babies, highlighting the urgent need for improved tools and global collaboration. The review is ...