The trick is, figuring out which is which. Is early fall leaf color caused by leaf disease? Plants spend all spring and summer fending off constant attacks by a horde of insects and disease pathogens.

This food-making process takes place in the leaf in numerous cells containing chlorophyll, which gives the leaf its green color. This extraordinary chemical absorbs from sunlight the energy that is ...

Understanding the chemistry behind leaf color change can deepen your appreciation for this seasonal spectacle. Carotenoids are always present in the leaves, but their colors are usually hidden by ...