Statistical mechanics is one of the pillars of modern physics. Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906) and Josiah Willard Gibbs ...

The cell model of ion-exchange membranes reveals violations of the Onsager reciprocity principle, particularly at high ...

The law of supply and demand combines two fundamental economic principles that describe how changes in the price of a resource, commodity, or product affect its supply and demand. What Is the Law ...

Strong emphasis is placed on the physical basis of statistical thermodynamics and the relations with experiment. After a clear exposition of the distribution laws, partition functions, heat capacities ...

Female anatomy includes the internal and external structures, including those responsible for hormones, reproduction, and sexual activity. The female reproductive system is essential for hormone ...