Overall, the forces that cause relative allele frequencies to change at the population level can also influence the selection forces that shape them over successive generations. For example ...

In this population we assume there is random mating and sexual reproduction without normal evolutionary forces such as ... would be allele frequencies of .6A and .4a and genotype frequencies ...

Marker-based heritability estimation methods, used to partition genetic variance among annotations or allele frequencies ... the exploration of the forces that shape genetic variation.