Early Scottish castles were stone tower houses and mottes with protective baileys. By the 13th century, curtain-walled castles with circular towers became more common. This made them stronger.

Situated in the heart of the Maine-et-Loire region, the Château de Doué-la-Fontaine is home to Europe's oldest stone keep ...

A wooden drawbridge provided access across the moat. The stone castles that we recognize today as emblematically medieval appeared from the 11th and 12th centuries onward, having developed out of ...