Human cells are made up of the following: a cell nucleus, which contains the genetic material in the form of DNA; and the cytoplasm, where proteins are built.

Following extensive evidence for the formation of four-stranded DNA G-quadruplex structures in vitro, DNA G-quadruplexes have been observed within human cells. Although chemically distinct, RNA ...

Mitochondrial DNA: Human mitochondrial DNA consists of 6,569 DNA base pairs and, unlike the chromosomes found in the nucleus, the mitochondrial genome is circular. Mitochondria function. Below we take ...

Human Hormones and Their Functions. Hormones are chemical messengers that influence various body functions, including reproduction, ... Steroid hormones and amine hormones interact with receptors in ...

The balls of cells that IVF clinics transfer into the uteruses don’t yet have the “elements fulfilling extra-embryonic and uterine functions” described by Rivron and colleagues. Those ...