A vaginal pH exceeding a value of 4.5; The presence of so-called clue cells – vaginal epithelial ... As an alternative, Gram-stain-based microbiological diagnosis of BV has been proposed.

All patients with suspected Gram-negative endocarditis should undergo transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) to confirm the diagnosis and assess for cardiac complications such as intracardiac ...

This discipline includes fundamental research on the biochemistry, physiology, cell biology, ecology, evolution and clinical aspects of microorganisms, including the host response to these agents.