Below, we unpack the hype around functional fragrances and explore whether this trend is valid or just aromatic snake oil (spoiler alert: it’s kind of both).

Humans are born with only two primal fears: falling and loud noises, research reveals. The fear of falling emerges early, demonstrated by infants' hesitation at 'visual cliffs.' The 'startle reflex' ...

Noise phobia, which includes a fear of fireworks and thunderstorms, is surprisingly common in dogs. While there’s no cure, there are ways to help. The key is finding the right combination of ...

And the smell of others' fear can be contagious ... “We might learn to associate such scents with various moods or states of mind through classical conditioning or through placebo effects.” So yeah, ...

Fear conditioning articles from across Nature Portfolio Fear conditioning is a type of classical conditioning that involves pairing an aversive stimulus (such as an electric shock) with either a ...

Scientists at the Salk Institute have uncovered how a cluster of thalamic neurons links physical pain to emotional trauma, ...

Being praised for helpfulness conditions women into people-pleasing, perfectionism, and burnout—yet it's possible to break ...

Classical conditioning is a form of associative learning in which a neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus, CS) is paired with another stimulus (unconditioned stimulus, US) that brings about an ...

When the Fourth of July fireworks go off, your dog may already be hiding under your furniture. Fireworks can be traumatic for ...

Are current events making you feel numb? Habituation is when we have diminished responses to repeated stimulation. It can be ...