He explains, "Among the many properties of bismuth I have studied, I was the first to discover that the crystal structure spontaneously changes due to relaxation near the surface of a crystal.

The element bismuth can "float" between magnets due ... Typically, diamagnetic materials have a closed shell structure. This means a particular group of orbitals are completely full and the ...

Only with this unique combination of methods are we able to observe the actual distribution of bismuth in the boundary and detect changes in the electronic structure caused by the bismuth impurity.

When liquid bismuth freezes, it expands rather than contracts because it forms a crystalline structure similar to water. Four other elements expand when they freeze: silicon, gallium, antimony and ...

One hypothesis is that the atomic structure of bismuth constrains electron movement in a way that mimics the behaviour of topological materials, recently discovered exotic substances whose ...