Acellular artificial antigen ... signal 2') and cytokine release ('signal 3'). Nanoengineering Approaches for Next-generation aAPCs Most current-generation aAPCs employ static isotropic ...

is exposed for specific recognition by the T cell receptor (TCR) 3,4. The pathways for CD1 trafficking and glycolipid antigen presentation remain to be determined. Several reports have suggested ...

coupled with CD137 (a costimulatory receptor in T cells [4-1BB]) and CD3-zeta (a signal-transduction component of the T-cell antigen receptor) signaling domains. A low dose (approximately 1.5×10 ...

Tumor antigens are captured and displayed by antigen processing and presentation machinery (APM) on the cell surface by HLA ... SCCs show a 49.3% objective response rate to PD-1 therapy, while ...

This review focuses on agents that are either approved or in phase 2 or phase 3 trials in kidney ... effector functions. Antigen triggers T-cell receptors (TCRs) (signal 1) and synapse formation.

Diagnosis is impossible on clinical grounds alone, as the presentation ... detection of viral antigens. First, immunofluorescence (IF) assays have an accuracy comparable to cell culture and ...

The tumor microenvironment, tumor immunogenicity, antigen presentation ... cell receptor recognition of corresponding antigens on major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) expressed by ...

98% (48/49) demonstrated a T cell response to either antigen following vaccination ... 6 of 15 patients in the GEO-CM04S1 arm achieved 3-fold increases in Spike or Nucleocapsid-specific T cells ...