School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, 150080 Harbin, China ...

Stainless steel resists rusting due to its passive chromium oxide film. Higher grades like 304 may show no change, or at most, slight discoloration that wipes off. Lower grades like 430 may develop ...

The paint or polymer coating protects the metal underneath from degrading. Although the coating should ideally protect the metal for a long time, a scratch or a defect in the coating can lead to ...

Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian ...

Faculty of Engineering, Vytautas Magnus University (VMU), Studentu 15, Akademija, Kaunas LT 53362, Lithuania Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Research Institute Center for ...