Ecological communities are shaped by a complex array of direct and indirect ... was the second most common indirect effect category, comprising 25% of the total interactions in intertidal ...

A change in total costs and total variable costs that result ... What are the major types of costs? The four main types of costs are direct, indirect, fixed, and variable, with operating costs, ...

It is now widely accepted that both direct and indirect effects play important roles in communities and attention has shifted toward understanding the factors that alter the types and importance ...

Many direct costs are tax-deductible, meaning I can subtract them from my total income ... as direct or indirect costs. They often set limits on how much can be allocated to each type.

Capital gains taxes are a type of direct tax. A direct tax is the opposite of an indirect tax, where the tax is levied on one entity, such as a seller, and paid by another—such as a sales tax ...