These nucleotides come in four different varieties in DNA: A, G, C, and T. Chunks of this ladder form genes, which can be read by special machines in your cells — called enzymes — which turn ...

By hooking up a laser and camera to a computer, Hood’s machine could read off the sequence automatically as each DNA strand moved through a gel. In 1987, Applied Biosystems, which Hood helped to ...

DNA, which stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, resembles a long, spiraling ladder. It consists of just a few kinds of atoms: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

Nanopore sequencing allows researchers to read the chemical letters of DNA like an announcer would read a ticker tape. This makes fast, cheap genetic-based diagnostics possible.

DNA is found in nearly all living cells. However, its exact location within a cell depends on whether that cell possesses a special membrane-bound organelle called a nucleus.