Place the period outside the quotation marks if a parenthetical citation appears after a direct quotation. Example: Their focus on writing as a discipline can be linked with Faigley's (1986) belief ...

Exception: In MLA citations, the period follows the parentheses. Ex: Tessie Hutchinson protested, "It isn't fair" (Jackson 346). Colons and semicolons are always placed outside quotation marks. Ex: ...