Place the period outside the quotation marks if a parenthetical citation appears after a direct quotation. Example: Their focus on writing as a discipline can be linked with Faigley's (1986) belief ...

There are no quotation marks needed for block quotes, and the citation follows the quote, outside of the period. Heinemann and Panke highlight the importance of DNA synthesis and protein engineering ...

Exception: In MLA citations, the period follows the parentheses. Ex: Tessie Hutchinson protested, "It isn't fair" (Jackson 346). Colons and semicolons are always placed outside quotation marks. Ex: ...

A period or comma always go inside closing quotation marks. ("We hope to win the game," he said.) A dash, semicolon, question mark and exclamation point go inside closing quotation marks when the ...