The variable region confers an antibody's antigen-binding specificity. This region contains two fragment antigen binding (Fab) domains, each capable of binding a specific epitope (the part of an ...

The bottom part of the Y provides structural support and helps antibodies to interact with immune cells. Hypervariable regions vary in length but usually contain fewer than 40 amino acids.

Monoclonal antibodies are novel therapeutic agents used with great success in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Different parts of the immune system have been targeted by monoclonal ...

Among other methods, he uses immunohistochemistry to confirm that the proteins of interest are present together in the same parts of the ... to make sure the primary antibodies are from two ...

Many vaccines work by introducing a protein to the body that resembles part of a virus. Ideally, the immune system will produce long-lasting antibodies recognizing that specific virus, thereby ...

A review of recent trends and remaining challenges in bispecific antibody (bsAb) production has been published.

Antibodies and related products are the fastest ... Thus, decreasing costs is an important part of drug development. The IgG-based biotherapeutic agents that have been approved in the past decade ...