This stage also includes a neutral stimulus, which doesn't affect the ... with stimuli that are similar but not the same. For example, if Pavlov's dogs heard a bell that rang at a lower pitch ...

Classical conditioning is a type of unconscious learning. It occurs when a person or animal experiences an automatic response whenever they encounter a specific stimulus. Simply put, it is ...

For example, beauty commercials use actors with ... At this point, the conditioned stimulus is still called the neutral stimulus because it currently has no effect. We begin to associate the ...

Examples of paradigms that can expose this effect include reinforcer devaluation (in which the value of a reinforcer changes) and second-order conditioning (in which a previously neutral stimulus ...

Through repeated pairing of the neutral stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus ... or even health professionals with pain or discomfort. For example, patients who repeatedly experience painful ...

During associative learning, animals learn to change their behavior in response to a particular stimulus that would otherwise have a neutral influence on behavior. For example, if an animal such ...