When you're engaged in negative reinforcement, you remove a negative stimulus to reinforce a behavior. You probably use negative reinforcement to wake up every morning. Your alarm clock buzzes ...

Negative reinforcement encourages specific behaviors by removing or avoiding negative consequences or stimuli. It is different than punishment, which aims to discourage a specific behavior ...

To make decisions, neurons assess at every moment whether the stimulus is positive or negative. If it is positive, there is a tendency to approach, while if it is negative, an aversion reaction ...

It really starts to pay more attention when the same negative stimulus is repeated” over time, she said. Studies have shown that such negative reactions can remain stable for up to a year.

To make decisions, neurons assess at every moment whether the stimulus is positive or negative. If it is positive, there is a tendency to approach, while if it is negative, an aversion reaction ...

To make decisions, neurons assess at every moment whether the stimulus is positive or negative. If it is positive, there is a tendency to approach, while if it is negative, an aversion reaction arises ...

but formed a stronger than usual association between the second tone and the negative stimulus. This, the team says, suggests that the brain defaults to negative valence until neurotensin switches ...