Often a need arise to interface output of the microcontroller with an electromagnetic relay (EMR). Relays are devices which allow low power circuits to switch a relatively high Current and/or Voltage ...

The 0- to 20-mA current loop isa reliable means of data communicationin industrial applications.These circuits use a precision shunt inthe receiver to convert the current signalinto a voltage signal.

If you’re really clever, you can clock digital circuits with mains AC, but we’ve never seen someone replace a tiny crystal in a microcontroller circuit with mains power. After an experiment ...

This 8051 microcontroller-based control circuit adjusts the speed of a small permanent-magnet dc motor via photosensors (see the figure). The circuit can find applications in light-tracking ...

1. The Gaussian curve generator circuit takes advantage of dynamic reassignment functionality of a microcontroller's I/O pin, operating in coordination with an op amp functioning as an integrator.

Wire up your microcontroller to power and ground according to its circuit diagram. To the circuit you’ll now add the MIDI circuit. For this you’ll need the 2N2222 transistor. Hold the ...