During the early stages of life, organs do not just appear in their final form. They take shape through a process of ...

Enter 4D materials, which are like 3D materials, but they change shape when they are exposed to specific environmental cues, such as light or water. These materials have been eyed by biomedical ...

Scientists develop fully biobased, 4D-printable shape memory polymers from plant-derived acrylates, enabling tunable, ...

Researchers show how the rod-shaped bacteria Bacillus subtilis maintains its precise diameter while growing end to end. The slender, rod-shaped Bacillus subtilis is one of the best-studied ...

In conclusion, by analyzing both host genotype and environmental microbes (from water and prey) we can confirm that stickleback gut microbial metapopulation structure is in part shaped by ...