Quarks are the reason protons have a positive charge. Each quark has a fraction of an electric charge. A proton has two up ...

When building an atom, pay close attention to the particles' electrical charges. Protons have a charge of +1. Electrons have a charge of -1. Neutrons are neutral, as its name implies. A stable ...

Several of these quantum states were hidden, requiring the researchers to develop an innovative optical technique. The ...

Its crowning glory came in 2012 with the discovery of the Higgs boson, the particle that gives all other fundamental particles their mass, whose existence was predicted on the basis of quantum ...