Northwestern Medicine investigators have discovered previously unknown metabolic changes that may contribute to the ...

Estrogen functions through binding ... via an effect on the RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway (see following section); Enhancing bone formation by prolonging the lifespan of osteoblast cells ...

They affect similar processes but, paradoxically, their signaling pathways act nonredundantly. Hormone signals are integrated at the gene-network level rather than by cross-talk during signal ...