Second, we applied this WGA assay, along with crystal violet and resazurin stainings to have an overall picture of the changes taking place in the matrix, biomass and viability, respectively, of ...

One of the first staining assays used in biofilm analysis was the crystal violet assay. In this method, the negatively charged molecules within a biofilm (i.e. polysaccharides of the EPS and ...

Scanning electron microscopy revealed that untreated biofilms retained their dense, intact structure, while those exposed to the microrobots showed significant disruption and cell loss. Crystal violet ...