6. The final step in the process is to generate a double-stranded version of the plasmid using rolling circle replication (Figure 1E). The recipient cell has now been turned into a new donor. In ...

A plasmid is a small, circular ... Bacteria can also transfer plasmids to one another through a process called conjugation. Scientists have taken advantage of plasmids to use them as tools ...

Previous studies had observed that heavy metals could induce the conjugation process that resulted in plasmid transfer. The ...