Biofilms are clusters of microorganisms that stick to non-biological surfaces, such as rocks in a stream, as well as to surfaces on plants (roots) or in animals (epithelium). These clusters are ...

Bacteria permeate virtually every corner of the Earth. Most bacteria live in a biofilm state to enhance their survival and propagation, and to perform essential tasks for many ecosystems.

Bacterial Space Biofilms (1st flight): Launched on November, 2019 (NG-12). Returned to Earth on January 2020 (SpaceX-19) Fungal Space Biofilms (2nd flight): Launched on February, 2022 (NG-17).

It’s impossible to miss – it’s the floating biofilm on top of your delicious drink. While a SCOBY looks gross, it is remarkably versatile. If you feed it on sugar and tea or coffee in large ...