cholerae persists in aquatic environments throughout the year ... that can resuscitate non-culturable cells are unclear. ...biofilms that form in situ, that is, in the surface water, are more ...

"The synergistic interactions between aquatic vegetation and epiphytic biofilms are fundamental to improving nutrient removal and sustaining long-term system performance," said Dr. Chao Chuanxin ...

Biofilters contain filter medium grains (e.g., sand, granular activated carbon) that are covered with biofilms. The biofilm activities break down nutrients (e.g., nitrogen and phosphorous ...