Venom is not exclusive to animals—plants, fungi, protists, bacteria, and even viruses use venom-like mechanisms for defense, predation, and competition. Dodder - Cuscuta on a potato bush.

"Venomous animals have long fascinated biologists ... with Candidates Among Plants, Fungi, Protists, Bacteria, and Viruses, Toxins (2025). DOI: 10.3390/toxins17030099 ...

Almost all eukaryotic organisms, from plants and animals to fungi, can't survive without ... a group of single-celled protists that live inside the guts of termites and other animals, have evolved ...

DNA is the genetic code that provides the biological instructions for every living species, but not every bit of DNA helps ...

Venom isn’t just a feature of some animals; it’s found across the living world, from plants and fungi to bacteria and viruses, says a new study. Lead author William Hayes, an ecologist at Loma ...

A new study tracks the proliferation of fungal pathogens among various climate change scenarios—and it’s not good news.

Introns are an ancient feature found across all eukaryotic life, a wide range of organisms that spans all animals, plants, fungi, and protists, but are absent in prokaryotic genomes such as those of ...

Most are unicellular, but with features that disqualify them from grouping with other types of life like animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, and archaea. In the ocean, some protists function like ...

Fungi have a nasty reputation among humans ... Environment found that past extinction rates for freshwater animals and plants today is three orders of magnitude higher than it was during the ...

In the grand tree of life, that’s a big claim. Eukaryotes — organisms with complex cells — include animals, plants, fungi, and protists. But this ancient tree-like giant, the researchers ...

Like animals and plants, protists have a nucleus containing DNA (whereas single-celled bacteria do not). They are crucial to many ecosystems, sitting at the base of food chains and eaten by large ...