Experiments in fruit fly larvae show that epidermal cells can communicate with sensory neurons to drive responses to pain.

which paves the way for eliminating animal use in cosmetic and pharmaceutical testing. These lab-grown models replicate the three-layer structure and biomechanics of natural skin and have been ...

This artificial skin faithfully reproduces the three-dimensional structure and biomechanical ... help reduce or even eliminate the need for animal testing in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical ...